This article discusses the concept of passive brain-computer interfaces, which utilize spontaneous brain activity to enhance human-machine interaction without requiring active user input, broadening the applicability of BCI technology.
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Zander, T. O., & Kothe, C. A. (2011). Towards passive brain-computer interfaces: applying brain-computer interface technology to human-machine systems in general. Journal of Neural Engineering, 8(2), 025005. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025005